: BUSINESS? OR A WAY TO FINANCE THE WORK IN ARCHAEOLOGY 
Since Alan Kolata Bolivian sites open to foreign exploration and research in Bolivia, numerous archaeological projects have developed works in the main archaeological sites Bolivia: Lukurmata, Tiwanaku, Pajchiri, Chiripa, Khonkho Wankaner, Samaipata Wankarani, Jewel, etc., using it - in most cases - students post - graduate. It is only since 1998 that at the request of the project undertaken by the University of Pittsburgh start-called "Country Schools" to promote the arrival of newly admitted students to this university to make their first experiences of excavation. Years later he would implement the unfortunate Harvard School of Golf at Tiwanaku and Country schools Charazani Obrajes (Oruro) and Parotani lgraduados led by archaeologists at the University of Pittsburgh Alconini, Baule, Mc Andrews and Rivera, respectively.
Dan Sandweiss has recently published a series of tenders such schools, which charged $ 6,000 per student for a 6-week experience, which in some cases includes tours of different places, sites and museums in the country.
One of these schools is that of Christine Baule (University of Hawaii), archaeologist graduate of the University of Pittsburgh, whose school is promoted from a web site that indicates that such experiences had been occurring since 2005 with support of students and Bolivian archaeologists. Finding out a bit, we learn that Baule did not have the permission of the National Archaeological Unit to implement this school, or for that now advertises on the Internet.
recently published facebook a sentence stating that " The SALP not accept undergraduate field schools in Bolivia " which resulted in an interesting debate on whether to permit or regulate the work of such schools in the country field . Then reissued some of the most important opinions presented in this virtual space:
Sonia Aviles (Bolivian archaeologist graduated from the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés who currently makes a doctoral course in Italy): "I do not agreement in Bolivia practically no archeology, I doubt everything, even the few dating that have become important sites like Tiwanaku, for closing the doors to scholars, even if students are interested, you can do something together to prevent injury, but shutting research possibilities does not seem good for a fledgling archeology almost nonexistent as ours "
Angelo Dante (Bolivian archaeologist graduated from Universidad Mayor de San Andrés is now culminating in his doctoral thesis at the University of Stanford): Dear Sonia, this is not "block" initiatives / opportunities for research, as you seem to suggest. than it is that these (and other) projects spend at least some basic requirements in terms of their subsequent preservation and conservation of sites (And exhumed material!). If your objection is about the emerging Bolivian archeology, as well, the fact that schools keep coming field in which there is little chance of participation - by constraints that make money available only to "interested students," they can afford the cost of the same, well above the 1.000 dollars, by the way - of Bolivian students (or professionals), will not help much to change the situation. As you say, you could do something together, yes. But to set you mean? considering that the institutions in charge of the case, or the same type UNAR seem to pay little attention University or be completely indifferent to this type of, say, situations. In fact there are a lot of things you could do, without going too far, in addition to providing travel seeking familiar with archeology and their methods to their curious and intrepid students, eager to experience these schools should provide to include a group of students bolivianos (much needed practice) within their team, of course exempt from such payments for any student beyond astronomical figure sounds. On the other hand, I'd ask Carlos, as the company may achieve SALP promote legislation and regulations absent and highly required in this regard, especially now that, as you see in the news, it is in a process UNAR crisis ? There are some options? This crisis UNAR institutional, of course, has to do with what you, Sonia, say, little attention of state archeology, insufficient incentives for research among professionals, most of which are on the hunt for Archaeology projects contract in order to survive (and other more than just survive, of course), professional exile - for the same reasons - have to find alternatives in other places ... etc. etc. In short, the discussion is wide.
Carlos Lemuz : agree with Dante, field schools, with students first-year junior will not report anything to the development Archaeology of Bolivia. Archeological Heritage Boliviano this file system employed in the information must obtain and submit to the state in exchange for destroying the stratigraphic record or better material culture. If this information is not obtained properly and not deliver quality reports, the passage of such interventions have benefited only the Hp or the Director and at little or no archaeological or heritage value boliviano.Creo state that one must first enforce existing legislation that prevents these schools can operate with minimal staff without the knowledge to make interventions in archaeological sites and then look to change this rule for a much finer and better articulated and instrumented that considers the lessons we have learned in recent years. this requires the participation of all. That's what I think Zulma should be called "Clean and tidy up"
Sonia Aviles : And what is the Scientific Council to assess who is capable of doing research or not Bolivia? That is the crux of the issue, and while that scientific advice is not as we are in a deadlocked situation. Continued by stating that any student interested in research should be welcome in Bolivia and supervised.
Carlos Lemuz : I do not think anything has indicated on a "Scientific Council", or that students can not come to investigate what it is that any project that comes to Bolivia to meet certain requirements, which comply with current regulations. In the future will be to refine these rules and establish requirements for "field schools." I personally think that those who come to investigate archaeological field methods, particularly should be familiar with these and should prove through documents provided by their universities in a specialized curriculum. Let anyone come to dig is not only impractical but also violates the basic rules and various principles of our State Constitution.
respect your insistence, but I see that can be sustainable
Maribel Pérez (Archaeologist graduated from Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, now completes a Ph.D. at the University of Pittsburg) : The radical measures never last, partly agree with Sonia, but without encouraging "field school adventure" we want to continue doing research in Bolivia, but within the framework of law and order and within a work plan controlled by the for both local authorities and the state and supported by field managers at the end are the ones that come forward after each season field.
Angelo Dante: personally do not see anything radical to try to establish the ground rules of academic competition in itself to an unequal and outdated legislation that cries out to be reviewed and adapted to the times. It would be only right that these schools the field - precisely because of its character education - are organized (and hopefully design nied) with the participation of Bolivian professionals, and beyond will benefit students who can afford to cover expenses of participation in these (and many times end up hating doing archeology, having had to withstand certain conditions of their stay-poverty .- etc., even to deplore them without recognizing the power relations that produce them, that is, without a minimum anthropological sense) can also be beneficial in the professional training of students who do not enjoy these conditions. I think just that, providing the opportunity to choose a "field experience" which certainly benefit (academically and, why not say, economically), they can also offer the possibility of access to knowledge, usually restricted in our universities ? Contrary to what some may interpret, I'm not against field schools, not concede the possibility that they do not do more than reproduce the mechanisms of exclusion to knowledge based on the simple fact of having or not economic access. Also, I think it is high time that archaeological research projects, especially those overseas, meet some basic guidelines seeking precisely to reinforce the development of the discipline in the pais.Tus comments, Sonia, opened many most points at the debate that simply vote in favor of research. The last thing sounds great, in a liberal perspective that always comes under rules of law and order, incidentally, is precisely the challenge of these regulations, often outdated and obsolete or inadequate, which for many people does 'radical'. The issue is certainly complex, with or without scientific advice (those who settle for? scientific committee who would choose that? etc. etc. is the same as having co-directors of field than ever do / not do anything) and even now is more complex than UNAR is going through probably the worst crisis in years ... something perhaps necessary. Personally though, I'm convinced that having more research that is done in this field school will not help to improve - what you call - "non-existent and emerging archeology" the country. My apologies for the extended text.
Carlos I must say, however, that perhaps they must expand your view as to how the SALP SALP company intends to boost the revision (and hopefully change) of legislation and obsolete rules and the insertion of these and other issues absent but necessary? What are the options?
Sonia Aviles : The University for example is a center scientist who must be strengthened, competitions where they have to prevail experience, training, publications
Tiwanaku has to be in the university administration by archeology career with a suitable laboratory with access to students and teachers and researchers to coordinate the projects are nacioneles or foreign.
Carlos Lemuz : Dear Sonia: The University has limited capabilities, although legislation is in possibilities, thanks to strategic alliances, to participate in the management of archaeological research in any institution, not only Tiwanaku. All universities, museums and even departmental and municipal governments are empowered to promote and protect archaeological and cultural heritage within their jurisdictions. Departmental governments can do from the creation of research institutes (which is within their powers from the Decentralization Act) and more with the current CPE. On the other hand, the municipal governments have similar powers, but they can act on it, particularly, that have the authority for this. Experiences of using these powers they can be seen in the Municipality of La Paz (Steps 2007 and 2008), Santa Cruz (prefecture), Oruro, and somehow Chuqisaca in Potosi. The University (UMSA) should be updated to keep up the challenges and new approaches with which to see and address the topic of material culture and archaeological and cultural Parimonio.
As Maribel, I agree with Dante that are not radical (lately this term is being used as a synonym for extremist and a very distorted sense), even if they were, depends on the context in which they are applied. for the current case, I think it's just better define the rules of the game, where you respect the rights of all and properly weighted functions and responsibilities. The issue of project management and their responsibilities have been poorly raised and poorly supervised, which is why there has been very serious deviations, such as cases of the Universities of Pennsylvania, Harvard, Pittsburgh and even Chicago, whose results they can delve into the history of Bolivian Archaeology late last century and beginning of this .
Angelo Dante: Dear Sonia, let me be ñalarte something I see as a profound contradiction in your comments. In your first post, you you said: "I do not agree, practically no archeology Bolivia, I doubt everything, even the few that have made dating sites like Tiwanaku importance." I think the thinking about college as an alternative is little or no part consistente.Coincidiendo your skeptical perspective, I doubt the university and, unfortunately, I think that is a hub of anything right now ... (Little update of the teaching staff, very few publications recognized in academia, research almost nonexistent due to limited human and economic resources, lack of laboratories, etc.) That would have to and could be, if - no doubt - but I think when that institution still lacks many things .
Sonia Aviles : There is no contradiction: the few facts we have are quite questionable, or you will feel satisfied with the concept Mollo culture for example? On the other hand, if no reinforced the academisismo not solved anything, you go from pan to fire .
Angelo Dante: just want to say I think you're confusing a few things: 1. I think the problems and limitations of interpretation of our cultural history (Mollo Mollo or not, or not P Pacajes acaja, etc. etc.) has nothing to do with whether or not field schools, 2. I am convinced that the treatment of problems beyond the strictly academic discipline, and 3. one of the ways to overcome these shortcomings is to think of policies to promote serious research (which is needed to regulate the field schools and others), which, among other things, means that we must be ourselves we begin to provide solutions to problems and do not assume attitudes of dependency
www.anthropology. hawaii.edu / Fieldschools / Obrajes / index.html
tombs that were kept in pedestals are on the verge of collapse 
No one does anything, everyone goes, look, speak, sign, are photographed, some do press conferences, and it would be everything. People who are in charge, technically and operationally not budge them, even to design a strategy, do a small project, build a crew and go to the site to make an emergency maintenance. If no field archaeologists or are suspended, they should at least raise funds for refreshments, transport and accommodation, recruit volunteers (archaeologists graduates, not graduates, curators, architects, archeology students in their final years, etc.) to the conservation minima (deshiervar, clean the area, make drainage channels, etc.) What about the people who run the issue and advises the Minister?!!: We all know that many people are sensitized to this issue and people with enough training in the Ministry of Culture. 
